Religious Message Of Steve Jobs Biography Essay

Religious Message Of Steve Jobs Biography - Essay Example This is particularly apparent in the transition that Jobs faced when he was ousted from his own company Apple but carried on to be a founder of Pixar, and took big steps in terms of opening up and being vulnerable to the presence of others in his life, for example, accepting his daughter Lisa. This message present and demonstrated through the idea of redemption because Jobs provides a second chance to many others in his life, and is also given a second chance to improve relationships with people, before he finds out that he has been diagnosed with cancer. Steve Jobs was a great man. The reason why I have chosen Steve Jobs as the reference to this article in terms of underlying a religious message is because Steve Jobs propogated through his practices and his speeches, the importance of doing what we love, the importance of connecting the dots in terms of following the gut feeling, ands lastly the importance to live tastefully. This paper will underline the moral story with respect to living life in the way we believe and without listening to other’s opinions. Steve Jobs also believed in doing great things, and this will be an added part of the moral story which will be discussed in this paper. Each and every paragraph has detailed instances from Steve Jobs’ life and will demonstrate the religious and moral message throuugh the examples from his life. When Steve Jobs was a budding entreprenuer, he often labelled himself as an artist. He ofent remarked that he saw himself as an artist, and also mentioned the fact that every beautiful thing in this world was conceptualised to be an art, and we were mere propogators of art. This leaves a very strong message of religious morality that in life, we should see beauty in every way possible, and should not discard any object in order to negate its beauty. At times, we embark on things and find ourselves craving for our notion of beauty and aesthetics, however, according to the experience of Jobs, it is very crucial to understand the aspect of beauty in every form it is in present to us. Jobs beileved that the present is a gift which has been given to us by God, and that we hsould live in the present and try to make it better without having the regret of making mistakes in the past, along with living without the mountain of guilt surrounding our negative feelings of the past. The best way to live without it is to defeat the mountain, negate the bad feelings and look forwards from a fresh perspective in life. Another aspect from Steve Jobs’ life which can be mentioned here to demonstrate the moral message sent by him was when he had ust started the company called Apple. He laid the foundation of Apple on a note which is quoted below: â€Å"We are going to change the status quo, we are the pirates, we have come to refute the nacissm of the giant IBM† The aboe mentioned quote sent shockwaves to the computing world. No one before had the courage to challenge the might of IBM. At that time, the morality of Steve Jobs was governed by the belief that everthing is supposed to change, change is the only constant, and the old should be changed with the new to bring a fresh perspective in life. With this idea and philosphy, Steve Jobs challenged the might of the IBM. The moral of the story is that one should not confine to the same things for ever and ever, as there is a potential to change. The might of the old and big will come down if the services they provide do not land up in the right context. It is unhealthy to live without competition, and with

It is not only Hamlet who is transformed Essay Example for Free

It is not only Hamlet who is transformed Essay Something have you heard of Hamlets transformation It is not only Hamlet who is transformed: the concepts of transformation and decay are at the centre of the play both for Shakespeares audience and for modern theatregoers. Discuss. The opening scene of Hamlet is one filled with nervousness and emotional tension. Shakespeare shows this through the language of his characters. Barnardos first line of Whos there followed by Franciscos reply of Nay, answer me. reveals to the audience the agitation of the sentinels. This unstable atmosphere continues throughout the scene and the audience find out that there is a threat from Fortinbras to attack Denmark and the old king has died. Certainty dissolves into rumour showing there is also dislocation in Denmarks society At least the whisper goes so as the people are uncertain about what is going to happen. The play speaks of a strange eruption to the state and so it could be argued that Denmark has gone through a transformation of political power and the state itself has changed. This is because Marcellus speaks of the old Denmark and how hallowd and so gracious is that time when the nights were wholesome. The new Denmark, on the other hand, is a place where the dead are restless and the future of the country is uncertain. The theme of political instability was a significant factor for a 17th century audience who had experienced similar traumas. England had struggled to raise a navy to meet the Spanish Armada in 1588. Shakespeares Denmark is in a state in jeopardy- just as England was after the death of Elizabeth as the public awaited to see who would succeed the throne. Shakespeares first audience could see a scene of their own recent history- and an unsettling reminder of their uncertain future. Like the sentinels, an audience in the 1600s would feel uneasy and sense the dislocation of Denmark. A modern audience understands the instability in the opening scene, however, they would not necessarily be fully aware of its intenseness, as there are different attitudes towards kings and the transmission of power of one regime to the next today. Nevertheless, the opening scene has a dramatic impact on both audiences and although an audience in 1600 would relate to the transformation of the state more than an audience in 2003, both audiences understand that Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. The instability of the natural world affects the different audiences in different ways. The entrance of the Ghost had particular significance to Shakespeares audience; religion and the state were intertwined; ghosts walked the earth and their return signified unfinished business, a threat to the state or buried treasure. In this case, the ghost is seen wearing armour showing that evil must have occurred which harmed the former king: My fathers spirit in arms! All is not well. I doubt some foul play. The arrival of the Ghost establishes the break between this world and the next, the natural and the supernatural. This adds to the idea of transformation of Denmark that has gone from a place of natural stability into a state of constant turmoil where the supernatural and natural are combined. There is a greater dramatic impact on Shakespeares audience when the Ghost arrives because they believed in the supernatural world and therefore would understand this unstableness in the state. Modern audiences, however, would not be fully aware of how significant the arrival of the Ghost is in the play. More people today do not believe in such things as ghosts and the supernatural realm. However, modern audiences would sense that there has been a transformation in the natural order of Denmark, the reasons for this change such as political and moral instability would affect the audience more than the supernatural aspect of the play. Moral issues in Hamlet add to the idea that the state has been transformed. Both audiences would have been shocked to discover the marriage between Claudius and Gertrude having found out that Claudius is the dead kings brother. Shakespeare shows us disgust through the language of his characters. Hamlets line of: O most wicked speed! To post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets! has hissing sibilants that truly show the disgust of the prince and therefore the audience. Shakespeare also emphasises Hamlets repulsion repeatedly with vivid sexual imageries, In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed furthermore increasing our disgust of incest between the Bloat King and his queen. Some among Hamlets first audience would recognise this marriage as a parallel to English history. Claudius kills a king and assumes his throne. Henry VII killed King Richard III at Bosworth and founded a Tudor dynasty on a flawed pedigree. Claudius marries Gertrude his late brothers wife as Henry VIII married his brothers widow, Katharine of Aragon. Shakespeares audience knew how England had suffered because of the immoral involvement between the royals, such as incest and murder, so they could predict that Denmark will suffer because of its king as England did. By relating his play to parts of recent history, Shakespeare relies on his audience to supply the details of what is to come.

The Essence of Time in Marvells To His Coy Mistress :: His Coy Mistress Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The male species has a very creative mind.   The creative mind becomes particularly active when the case involves the female species.   In Andrew Marvell's   "To His Coy Mistress,"   the author shows how his creative mind is put to use.   Marvell, uses time in an   attempt to manipulate his coy mistress.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time is depicted in three different manners.   First, Marvell uses "ideal time."   In ideal time, he tells how many years he would spend loving her if they were given the opportunity.   He explains to his mistress that if time allowed, he would spend hundreds of years just to   admire her physical being.   Next, he implicates   "real time,"   to persuade her to become accessible to him.   In real time, Marvell gives examples of her aging and how she will go to the grave with her pride if she doesn't give in.   Finally, the use of   "optimum time" plays on her emotions of how sweet the opportunity to make love to her would be.   Marvell tells his mistress that the act would   be almost animalistic and intense.   Throughout the poem, he   uses the phases of time in an attempt to frighten her into having sex with him.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All three stanza's in the poem   represent a different   time frame. The first   gives his mistress a feeling of   unconditional love.   He leads her to believe he would give all he has to her as   long as time will permit. During the second stanza, Marvell plays on her fear of getting old.   He warns   her that her beauty isn't everlasting and that   she will end up unhappy alone if she doesn't give in.   Marvell's use of optimum time,   the best time, show's his emotions.   He appears to become aggravated.   This seems to be his ace in the hole.   In my opinion, he uses what he believes to be the dearest thing to her, the situation of right here, right now.

Country Side

Country Side Freedom surrounds those who aspire to achieve lonesome from the rest of the world. The perfect getaway is something that most people deserve once in a while. Complete solitary from everything and everyone nothing but fields for miles and miles away. The country side has a lot to offer the spectacular view and stunning landscape. It doesn’t matter whether it is winter, spring, fall or summer because either of these seasons changes the fact of how admiring the view is from a far. I am a victim of this ignorance. I never realize how precious and beautiful the country side is until I saw Harvey George W. ainting, New England Landscape, at the Andersons Gallery in Beverly Hills that opens my eyes into larger sense of beauty and strength. Harvey George W. was known for his Techniques of Fly Tying Fishing. Harvey was born on November 14, 1911, in Dubois, Pennsylvania. His father Archibald accepted a job as a stock farmer in Lansdale, Pennsylvania. That’s where he got inspired by painting the New England from his childhood memories. While Harvey was in the farm he had learned so many things and to appreciate what was handed to him, he did not come from a wealthy income family and all he could have done is go by what his expectation were.His Father Archibald teaches him how fish by the stream right off the stream. Even more he was being afflatus by the nature that surrounded him. Harvey is not a well-known artist but more for his achievements at Penn State University. At Penn State he teaches Fishing Tying for the first Time in history and that class was accredited in 1947. Also he got offered to run in the Olympics but then he was diagnosed with pneumonia and did not get to compete. In my perspective view, seeing this painting of the country side makes me want to forget about life and go there to escape from the everyday basis.The scenery is breath taking. The tree that is located on the center left hand is perfected it reflects how privacy i s supposed to be like. The stack of hay behind the giant tree is a symbol of freedom. The hay represents how everyone who would like to be stress free can just hide behind a tree and forget about their existence. The farm town is far away like it’s supposed to be and endless fields. This portrait reminds me of my own family ranch in Mexico; it made me realize that I am taking that part of my life for granted. Country Side Country Side Freedom surrounds those who aspire to achieve lonesome from the rest of the world. The perfect getaway is something that most people deserve once in a while. Complete solitary from everything and everyone nothing but fields for miles and miles away. The country side has a lot to offer the spectacular view and stunning landscape. It doesn’t matter whether it is winter, spring, fall or summer because either of these seasons changes the fact of how admiring the view is from a far. I am a victim of this ignorance. I never realize how precious and beautiful the country side is until I saw Harvey George W. ainting, New England Landscape, at the Andersons Gallery in Beverly Hills that opens my eyes into larger sense of beauty and strength. Harvey George W. was known for his Techniques of Fly Tying Fishing. Harvey was born on November 14, 1911, in Dubois, Pennsylvania. His father Archibald accepted a job as a stock farmer in Lansdale, Pennsylvania. That’s where he got inspired by painting the New England from his childhood memories. While Harvey was in the farm he had learned so many things and to appreciate what was handed to him, he did not come from a wealthy income family and all he could have done is go by what his expectation were.His Father Archibald teaches him how fish by the stream right off the stream. Even more he was being afflatus by the nature that surrounded him. Harvey is not a well-known artist but more for his achievements at Penn State University. At Penn State he teaches Fishing Tying for the first Time in history and that class was accredited in 1947. Also he got offered to run in the Olympics but then he was diagnosed with pneumonia and did not get to compete. In my perspective view, seeing this painting of the country side makes me want to forget about life and go there to escape from the everyday basis.The scenery is breath taking. The tree that is located on the center left hand is perfected it reflects how privacy i s supposed to be like. The stack of hay behind the giant tree is a symbol of freedom. The hay represents how everyone who would like to be stress free can just hide behind a tree and forget about their existence. The farm town is far away like it’s supposed to be and endless fields. This portrait reminds me of my own family ranch in Mexico; it made me realize that I am taking that part of my life for granted.

Gulliver’s Travels: Gulliver’s Identity Loss

Spencer Shelburne British Literature I Novel Paper 12/2/11 Gulliver’s Lost Identity J. R. R. Tolkien once said, â€Å"Not all who wander are lost. † It is to be assumed then that he was not talking about Capt. Lemuel Gulliver. Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift is a narrative of the identity crisis. Captain Gulliver is indeed lost, both literally and metaphorically. He sets out on a voyage seeking a way to fulfill his identity as the financial supporter of his family, but once he leaves the structured society of England, his sense of identity is lost. At times, he does not even consider his family back home.He is misplaced in strange countries with strange inhabitants. In his misplacement, an interesting identity-void is created; Gulliver has no way to define himself as a foreigner in a new society. The need to belong overwhelms him, and he accepts any identity that is thrown his way, no matter how degrading it is. Through this void, Swift explores how society and pol itics systematically function to disassemble and reinvent the individual. In each of the countries Gulliver travels to, he is isolated from a sense of kinship and alienated from acceptance, the degree of which increases with each voyage.This alienation and isolation is surprisingly first apparent in his home country, England. In an unemotional tone he describes his family: â€Å"My Father had a small estate in Nottinghamshire; I was the third of five sons†¦ my father now and then sending me small sums of money†¦ † (p. 1). Likewise, his attachment to his wife is just as dispassionately observed: â€Å"I married Mrs. Mary Burton, second daughter to Mr. Edmond Burton, Hosier, in Newgate-street†¦ † (p. 2). Even in his professional life, Gulliver has no real connection.He comments, â€Å"But my good Master Bates dying in two years after, and I having few friends, my business began to fail; for my conscience would not suffer me to imitate the bad practice of too many among my brethren† (p. 2). Though he tries to connect to society by participating in a respectable profession, he remains alone. This alienation and isolation is a minor theme throughout his voyages; it is the first step in the systematic approach Swift takes towards dealing with the broader theme of identity. In each of the cultures Gulliver encounters, this sense of alone-ness increases.In Lilliput and Brobdingnag, for example, Gulliver is even more marginalized from society by their fear of his physical appearance – he is a giant compared to the six-inch Lilliputians and an insect to the sixty-foot tall Brobdingnags. He is constantly aware of his differences from his hosts, creating a conscious sense of alienation. In the articles of his freedom, the Lilliputians point out: â€Å"they concluded from the similarity of their bodies, that mine must contain at least 1728 of theirs, and consequently would require as much food as was necessary to support that num ber of Lilliputians† (p. 2). His differences isolate him from the Lilliputian society; he physically does not fit anywhere, viewing their country as a sort of â€Å"theatre† (p. 9). His senses are also different, for he can see much further away than the Lilliputians, and likewise they can see much nearer than he. In Brobdingnag, he has to convince his master that he is not a lowly animal. The Brobdingnagian reaction to him highlights their repulsion of his differences: â€Å"The farmer by this time was convinced I must be a rational creature†¦Then he called his wife, and shewed me to her, but she screamed and ran back as women in England do at the sight of a toad or a spider† (p. 58). Gulliver is different from the native inhabitants of Lilliput and Brobdingnag and is alienated as such. In his voyages to Laputa and Houyhnhnm, Gulliver's societal isolation drastically increases, until he reaches the apex with the Houyhnhnms. In both countries he is openly co ndescended for both his physical and his intellectual â€Å"limitations,† and because of this condescension he is isolated from the rest of the society.When he refused the flapper to converse, it â€Å"gave his Majesty and the whole court a very mean pinion of my understanding† (p. 114). The king wants to learn nothing of England's history, but rather asks Gulliver to focus on European mathematics and â€Å"received the account†¦ with great contempt and indifference† (p. 120). In Laputa, Gulliver and his native society are weaknesses. The isolation in Houyhnhnm is the most acute, however. Gulliver cannot relate to them because they are not human – they are a superior species of horse. Nor can he relate to the repulsive and foul Yahoos who are human in an unrecognizable form.Spatially this isolation is manifested in the placement of his housing: â€Å"the master horse ordered a place for me to lodge in; it was but six yards from the house, and separa ted from the stable of the Yahoos†¦ † (p. 175). Although Gulliver takes up acquaintance with the Houyhnhnms it is always understood that he is associated with the Yahoos, for whom Gulliver has affected a deep hatred. They teach him the language, yet â€Å"†¦ looked upon it as a prodigy, that a brute animal should discover such marks of a rational creature† (p. 175). Gulliver's alienation here in the country of horses is vastly complete.Where then does this alienation and isolation leave Gulliver? He is in an identity-void, searching for any form of acceptance. Swift presents this as early as Gulliver's life in England. He lists his self-worth by his education and professional training, name-dropping as often as possible to give himself affluence: â€Å"He sent me to Emanuel-College in Cambridge†¦ I was bound apprentice to Mr. James Bates, an eminent surgeon in London†¦ Leyden: there I studied Physic two years and seven months†¦ † (p. 1). Through this series of wealthy names, Gulliver is seeking an identity through the acceptance of his audience.Lilliput is much different than England, however, in both its inhabitants and its culture. In this identity-void, Gulliver grasps at any straw of acceptance, no matter how degrading or humiliating. He literally gives himself before the emperor and princes, offering complete servility; he is a servant, eager to please his new masters. Upon later duty against the Lilliputian's sworn enemy, the Blefuscu, he says, â€Å"This great Prince received at my landing with all possible encomiums, and created me a Nardac upon the spot, which is the highest title of honour among them† (p. 29).He has achieved a place in the Lilliputian society and is elated. In his almost desperate attempt to gain favor with the emperor and princes, he proclaims: â€Å"I desired the secretary to present my humble duty to the Emperor an to let him know, that I thought it would not become me, who was a foreigner, to interfere with parties; but I was ready, with the hazard of my life, to defend his person and state against all invaders† (p. 26). He has learned the language earnestly to build a bridge over his alienation. He has allowed himself to be held captive, knowing full well that due to his sheer strength, he could squash whomever he choses.But only on the Lilliputian's terms does Gulliver receive acceptance, and as witnessed in the rapid recall of his title and honor, it is short-lived at best. As Gulliver's journeys progress, the occurrences of even temporary social identity and occasions of acceptance decrease rapidly, an inverse to the increase of his alienation. From Brobdingnag on, Gulliver never fully adapts to their societies, although he does not stop trying to find his adopted identity. In Brobdingnag, he humors the Queen, entertaining her as a doll-like plaything, winning her favor.In an attempt to build his own identity as the Queen's favorite, he delibera tely undermines the Queen's dwarf, sending him to live with another household as a punishment. In Laputa and Houyhnhnm, Gulliver experiences something altogether different than what he has encountered before. Laputa is a floating island of philosophy and higher thought, a would-be utopia if it were not for excess and the lack of reason. Gulliver makes an attempt to understand the Laputans by learning their language, visiting various places such as their court, universities and land below, but cannot reconcile himself with what he finds; it is too abstract and tedious.He grows increasingly â€Å"weary of those people† (p. 127) and feels â€Å"neglected† (p. 127). For the first time in all his travels, he longs for England. In place of Gulliver's drive for acceptance, the reader is introduced to Lord Munodi. He is an isolated character, and much like Gulliver he is seeking his identity in a society that does not accept him. In Lord Munodi's case, it is because he is too rational and looked upon with â€Å"tenderness, as a well-meaning man, but of a low contemptible understanding† (p. 129).Having failed to achieve an enduring identity in these societies, it is not without desperation that Gulliver next throws himself so fully in the pursuit of acceptance from the Houyhnhnms. To physically set himself apart from the Yahoo-humans and be acceptable to the Houyhnhnms, he hides the appearance of his person with his clothes: â€Å"I had hitherto concealed the secret of my dress, in order to distinguish myself as much as possible, from that cursed race of Yahoos; but now I found it in vain to do so any longer† (p. 177). He swears his master to secrecy, so that the rest of the Houyhnhnms will not think less of him.He goes out of his way to impress them with his acquisition of language and would be very content to live the rest of his time with the reasonable creatures. He is successful at creating a life among these whom he has grown to admire and love, and even eventually moves into his Master's house. But other Houyhnhnms do not approve of a Yahoo staying in their own homes, and Gulliver is banished from Houyhnhnm. His alienation had overcome his acceptance dramatically. Where does this leave Gulliver? From his isolation to desperate attempts for acceptance comes a loss of basic human identity.In England, Gulliver does not have any emotional attachment to his family as befitting a man of the middle class. He is an emotionless person concerned more with financial and social status than with leaving his wife, five months pregnant, and the children he barely knows so he can travel again; he shows more emotion towards the Houyhnhnms than he does with his family. In his drive to succeed in English society, he has ceased being an emotional creature of humanity. In Lilliput, Gulliver's loss of a human identity is much more literal when he allows himself to be chained up as a prisoner.The image of him with chains around him, a nd his observation that â€Å"being fixed within four inches of the gate, allowed me to creep in, and lie at my full length in the temple† (p. 9) brings to mind a dog in the doghouse. He allows the Lilliputians to strip him of his English identity by renaming him Man Mountain, and he further distances himself from England when he learns their language in an attempt to bridge his alienation. In his desperation for acceptance, he allows himself to become a tool of the state and takes on the Lilliputian sworn enemy Blefuscu.In Brobdingnag, Gulliver likewise lowers himself so far as to stop being a human being, but rather a play thing for their amusement. He is again stripped of his English identity by being dressed in Brobdingnagian styled attire and renamed Gildrig. He gets so immersed in the Brobdingnag culture that he has a very difficult time going back to his native culture in England, and therefore he treats his family as if they were Lilliputians. In Houyhnhnm the reader sees the most drastic change in Gulliver's identity as a human as he becomes a loner.It is here that he loses all sense of his former humanity. He is sickened by the idea of going to live among the Yahoos, and he has so fully adopted the Houyhnhnm society that he cannot help but see his family as ugly, beastlike creatures. In the end, he is forced to return to the world from which he came. Having seen the things he has, the world of Yahoos is disgusting to him. When rescued by Don Pedro De Mendez, Gulliver's complete submersion in Houyhnhnm culture is at once apparent in his accent and his clothing. Once home, he is barely able to tolerate the presence of his family.He then goes into a kind of madness, spending his days talking to the horses in his stable as if to recreate Houyhnhnm. It is when he is alienated from social acceptance that his identity starts weakening. Gulliver doesn't just try to gain a new identity, one is forced upon him; he is a monster: a repulsive Yahoo in Houy hnhnm, a doll named Gildrig in Brobdingnag, and of course a Man Mountain tool in Lilliput. Eventually, he latches on to any acceptance he can find, even if it means losing his basic identity as a human. Work Cited: Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964.

Psycho ~ The Violence and the essays

Psycho ~ The Violence and the essays Violence and sexuality are usually the theme for action movies. In Hitchcock's Psycho, violence is brought out as a substitute for sexuality. Norman Bates uses violence to release his sexual frustration. Two clues in the movie to support such an idea are: taxidermy and the shower murder. To most people, taxidermy is a hobby; in Normans case, stuffing birds can be viewed as a sign of violence and sexuality. Hobbies are usually regarded as innocent activities of casual interest, designed to help pass the time. Stuffing birds in a way is a cruel treatment to animals for it involves killing and suffering. The Oxford English Dictionary defines taxidermy as "the act of preparing and preserving the skins of animals, and stuffing and mounting them so as to present the appearance, attitude, etc. of the living animal." Norman enjoys doing such thing in order to keep the creatures in his possession. People who like stuffing birds are not all necessary violent, or have the tendency that Norman does. Norman grows up in a single parent family His mother is a controlling and demanding woman who takes away his chance of socializing and disconnects him from society. Thus, we can imagine how little association Norman has had with women. Moreover, the mothers overprotection causes a permanent breakdown of masculinity for Norman. Normans masculinity is replaced by a horrendous and power-obsessed femininity. Norman doesnt appreciate the way his mother treats him. The viewer sees his dissatisfaction from the argument Norman has with his mother when he invites Marion to the house for dinner. It is not the mother herself fighting with Norman. It is Norman impersonating the mother and imagining the way his mother would be treats him in such a case. Needless to say, Norman has built up his anger towards the mother over the years. His desire for a woman and his discontentedness towards his mother have to be release...

Consumer Behavior †Marketing Research Paper

Consumer Behavior – Marketing Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Consumer Behavior Marketing Research Paper For marketers the term â€Å"aesthetics† relate to consumers five senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell in response to an object. Marketers to incorporate pleasing attributes to differentiate their product and to feed into consumer’s emotions when making purchasing decisions use these five elements. Vision is the most important one of these senses because marketers know a consumer’s visual perception is the first introduction and this can highly influence whether a consumer will even consider the purchase of the product. This includes color, shape, pattern, movement and scale of the product. The next sense is hearing, in some cases this is very important in product decision-making especially in the electronic industry. Touch, taste, and smell is usually in the food industry. In the food industry this will make a large impact on their product. It doesn’t matter how good something might smell if it does not taste good consumers are not willing to purchase the product no matter what the cost. Marketer must find out what their consumers are looking for when they are in the first stages of development to determine which senses are they going to emphasize to their potential consumers. Finding the right elements will determine how a company will market their product to ensure that the consumers will be drawn in to at least try their product. For example for a company that puts out potato chips the marketers would probably want to convey that their product is visual pleasing by having them the right oval shape with the right amount of seasoning, hearing the chip crunch, the chip feels crispy, it has a great taste with the right amount of ingredients, and it smells pleasant. This example uses all of the senses to attract to consumers of potato chip buyer and marketers must use all of this to set their product above their competitors who are using the same technique. Marketers must also find consumers opinions on products so they can find out how they are going to influence consumers by assocating attributes that will affect their purchasing behavior. In Luc Ferry’s article â€Å"The Origins of Aesthetics†, he argues that as humans we have evolved to appreciate and demand more than basic design but a more sophisticated one as he states â€Å"aesthetics proper is a recent discipline, born of a real revolution in our perception of the phenomenon of beauty†. Visual aesthetics has a huge impact on marketers and the consumers. Marketers know that the first thing a consumer reacts to is the visual of a product. This first introduction can either offend the consumer or it could lead to a connection with that potential buyer for that product. No matter what class that potential consumer belongs to that person judgment will make a large impact whether that person will make that initial purchase. This measure of purchasing decision rides hard on marketers, as â€Å"it is important to understand and measure these individual differences relating to design for several reasons First, individual differences in responsiv eness to visual aesthetics may underlie a number of other well-established consumer behavior variables such as product involvement, brand loyalty, materialism, innovativeness, self image congruence, choice, and usage behavior†(Bloch; Brunel; Arnold). These implications for product design can decide whether which product aesthetics are assessed and used in making a purchase decision. This is also why marketers have done so much to differentiate products from existing competitors because this can be the difference between thousands in sales to millions. An example of ongoing aesthetic design is promenant in the car design manufacturers and portable devices such as cell phones and electronics. Car manufactures have taken product design to a very important part of deign as it states, â€Å"While manufacturing costs always decline with the use of commonality, the firm’s overall profits may decline because of reduced differentiation.† (Desai, Kekre, Radhakrishnan, Srinivasan) Portable electronics such as cell phones, digital camera, and computer notebooks are just the number of items that have to stay on top of product differentiation to stay on top of the growing market. As consumers get more sophisticated they want more from these devices from new functions to new sleek designs. Cell phones companies such as Nokia, which started out with just a black plastic bag of a phone that served one purpose to provide the user with phone mobility in the early 1990s. Now Nokia and other cellular phone companies offer continuo us functions and attributes such as cameras and text messaging for their customers â€Å"recognizing that, system makers are constantly searching for innovative ways to make their products stand out in the market†. (Tarnowski) Research Papers on Consumer Behavior - Marketing Research PaperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanGenetic EngineeringDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Spring and Autumn

Battle of Chickamauga - American Civil War - William Rosecrans - Braxton Bragg

Battle of Chickamauga - American Civil War - William Rosecrans - Braxton Bragg Battle of Chickmauga - Conflict: The Battle of Chickamauga was fought during the American Civil War. Battle of Chickamauga - Dates: The Army of the Cumberland and Army of Tennessee battled on September 18-20, 1863. Armies Commanders at Chickamauga: Union Major General William Rosecrans56,965 men Confederate General Braxton BraggLieutenant General James Longstreet70,000 men Battle of Chickamauga - Background: Through the summer of 1863, Major General William S. Rosecrans, commanding the Union Army of the Cumberland, conducted a skillful campaign of maneuver in Tennessee. Dubbed the Tullahoma Campaign, Rosecrans was able to repeatedly force General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee to retreat until it reached its base at Chattanooga. Under orders to capture the valuable transportation hub, Rosecrans did not wish to directly assault the citys fortifications. Instead, utilizing the railroad network to the west, he began moving south in an effort to sever Braggs supply lines. Pinning Bragg in place with a diversion at Chattanooga, Rosecrans army completed crossing the Tennessee River on September 4. Advancing, Rosecrans encountered rough terrain and poor roads. This forced his four corps to take separate routes. In the weeks prior to Rosecrans movement, Confederate authorities had grown concerned about the defense of Chattanooga. As a result, Bragg was reinforced by troops from Mississippi and the bulk of Lieutenant General James Longstreets corps from the Army of Northern Virginia. Reinforced, Bragg abandoned Chattanooga on September 6, and moved south to attack Rosecrans dispersed columns. This allowed Major General Thomas L. Crittendens XXI Corps to occupy the city as part of its advance. Aware that Bragg was in the field, Rosecrans ordered his forces to concentrate to prevent them from being defeated in detail. On September 18, Bragg sought to attack XXI Corps near Chickamauga Creek. This effort was frustrated by Union cavalry and mounted infantry led by Colonels Robert Minty and John T. Wilder. Battle of Chickamauga - Fighting Begins: Alerted to this fighting, Rosecrans ordered Major General George H. Thomas XIV Corps and Major General Alexander McCooks XX Corps to support Crittenden. Arriving on the morning of September 19, Thomas men took a position north of XXI Corps. Believing that he only had cavalry on his front, Thomas ordered a series attacks. These encountered the infantry of Major Generals John Bell Hood, Hiram Walker, and Benjamin Cheatham. The fighting raged through the afternoon as Rosecrans and Bragg committed more troops to the fray. As McCooks men arrived, they were placed in the Union center between XIV and XXI Corps. As the day wore on, Braggs numerical advantage began to tell and Union forces were slowly pushed back towards the LaFayette Road. As darkness fell, Rosecrans tightened his lines and prepared defensive positions. On the Confederate side, Bragg was reinforced by the arrival of Longstreet who was given command of the left wing of the army. Braggs plan for the 20th called for successive attacks from north to south. The battle recommenced around 9:30 AM when Lieutenant General Daniel H. Hills corps attacked Thomas position. Battle of Chickamauga - Disaster Ensues: Beating back the attack, Thomas called for Major General James S. Negleys division which was supposed to be in reserve. Due to an error, Negleys men had been put in the line. As his men shifted north, Brigadier General Thomas Woods division took their place. For the next two hours Rosecrans men repeatedly defeated the Confederate attacks. Around 11:30, Rosecrans, not knowing the precise locations of this units, erred and issued orders for Wood to shift position. This opened a gaping hole in the Union center. Alerted to this, McCook began moving the divisions of Major General Philip Sheridan and Brigadier General Jefferson C. Davis to plug the gap. As these men were moving forward, Longstreet launched his assault on the Union center. Exploiting the hole in the Union line, his men were able to strike the moving Union columns in the flank. In short order, the Union center and right broke and began fleeing the field, carrying Rosecrans with them. Sheridans division made a stand on Lytle Hill, but was forced to withdraw by Longstreet and a flood of retreating Union soldiers. Battle of Chickamauga - The Rock of Chickamauga With the army falling back, Thomas men held firm. Consolidating his lines on Horseshoe Ridge and Snodgrass Hill, Thomas defeated a series of Confederate assaults. Farther north, the commander of the Reserve Corps, Major General Gordon Granger, dispatched a division to Thomas aid. Arriving on the field they helped block an attempt by Longstreet to envelop Thomas right. Holding until nightfall, Thomas withdrew under the cover of darkness. His stubborn defense earned him the nickname The Rock of Chickamauga. Having incurred heavy casualties, Bragg elected not to pursue Rosecrans broken army. Aftermath of the Battle of Chickamauga The fighting at Chickamauga cost the Army of the Cumberland 1,657 killed, 9,756 wounded, and 4,757 captured/missing. Bragg losses were heavier and numbered 2,312 killed, 14,674 wounded, and 1,468 captured/missing. Retreating back to Chattanooga, Rosecrans and his army were soon besieged in the city by Bragg. Shattered by his defeat, Rosecrans ceased be an effective leader and was replaced by Thomas on October 19, 1863. The siege of the city was broken in October following the arrival of the commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi, Major General Ulysses S. Grant, and Braggs army shattered the following month at the Battle of Chattanooga. Selected Sources CWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of ChickamaugaNational Park Service: Battle of ChickamaugaBattle of Chickamauga

Integrating Business prespictive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integrating Business prespictive - Essay Example To bridge this gap that exist between the job graduate job seekers and potential employers the app we have initiated will be crucial. With this program, graduates can connect with incredible companies that are potential employers. This program is specially designed for graduates to come in contact with employers, and it’s open to all graduates possessing a great attitude and wanting a new job. The program will offer unemployed graduates with an opportunity like no other. Through this program graduates develop job skills, earn training and make fruitful business and personal connections (Horie, 2004). The program is distinctive in the sense that it gets the graduates working. Through this project, graduates earn the much-needed experience in the job market. This project gives the perfect opportunity for the graduates to enter the workforce as well as earning some money. Besides, our program enlightens graduates on the wages that the various industries offered for diverse careers. With this program, graduates earn valuable work experiences, training to enhance once employability and job skills. It also grows their resume and connections with relevant organizations that could be helpful in the future. Since our main objective to solve the unemployment among the graduates, intend to reduce the number of unemployed graduates every year. The problem of labour market mismatch in supply and demand will be our main objective (Wasmer & Weil, 2000). The project starts the process of connecting graduates with the job market right at the various institution of higher learning. Finalists are the key targets of the projects as well as freshly graduated individuals. To ensure equality, a similar number of graduates are picked from various institutions of higher learning and absorbed into the program every year. The main source of revenue for this project is the subscription from various graduates

Outlook report for Marks & Spencer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Outlook report for Marks & Spencer - Essay Example On the other hand, the market share of Marks & Spenser in Food is 3.9 percent.1 Marks & Spenser Food retailer is considered as one of the UK’s leading high-quality food provider. The company is offering fresh produce, groceries, ready and partly prepared food. Today the company has total 668 stores throughout UK, out of which 156 are simply food wholly owned outlets and 182 are simple food franchises. In order to evaluate the factors based on which Marks & Spenser Food Retailer has been able to sustain its brand name as a value-creating brand, an outlook of Marks & Spenser has been presented here. This outlook will evaluate the various challenges and prospects for the company during the last few years. In spite of the cultural differences, Marks & Spenser Food has been able to operate very efficiently in terms of macroeconomic policies. The company has been able to expand by building strong relationships with other countries. However, during the last few years, because of the worsening macroeconomic conditions, the governments of various states have been introducing different policies, which have affected the operations of Marks & Spenser and other food retailers. The economic conditions and the recession have negatively affected the operations and balance sheet strength of Marks & Spenser. According to the annual reports of Marks & Spenser, in the year 2009, the company has to reduce its dividends by 20.9 percent. The Chairman Sir Stuart has also reported in the annual report that the decision of cutting dividends have been taken because of two reasons; first, economic conditions of the company and second, the need of the company to retain financial strength and flexibility. Moreover, the profits of the company have declined by 40.0 percent because of the conditions on High Street and the important decision of the company to improve quality and value. The social needs of the

You can choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

You can choose - Essay Example Equally important, there are several moral codes and ethical conduct that are taught by the religious traditions. The link between law and religion is manifested in the Islamic sharia, Christian canon law, Hindu law, and Jewish among others. Therefore, drawing on a variety of sources the paper will discuss the links between law and religion. Both in substance and origin, the link between law and religion have always been assumed to exist, even though they are two different concepts. The connecting component between these two is the human being. Both law and religion contribute to the social order. On one hand, law is considered as a set of rules of conduct that is aimed at guiding human behavior in order to differentiate good from bad (Howard 79). Law is used to advance the general good by developing legal rights of which it is mandatory to abide by. On the other hand, Edge (29) notes that religion has numerous definitions and anti-definitions of which none have attained dominance. In a view shared by Matadi, religion is a normative system that affects people’s lives and also determines their conduct. Also, religion established the relationship between a person and the Supreme Being. For Muslims, the source of religion lies in the Quran, for Christians it lies in the Bible, and for the native religions, it lies i n the customs, rituals, and object passed on from the ancestor’s or gods. Hagedorn, Kratz, and Kratz (365) posit that there exists a complex relationship between law as a set of rules that govern the social and political existence of mankind, and religion, which is a body of spiritual doctrines and a system of rituals and norms of behavior.† Law is accepted as a natural product of the informal interaction rules in the society. Therefore, religion can also be accepted as a crucial source of law considering that social rules and norms are usually influenced by the religious values of societies. Correspondingly, religion also provides a set of

Kosovo (how does it illustrate political and cultural globalization) Essay

Kosovo (how does it illustrate political and cultural globalization) - Essay Example Kosovo’s case has been forwarded to the international court; its ease of getting accepted as a separate legal entity will be dependent on this case result. This fight began when Serbs left the control of Kosovo after the intervention of NATO, during Kosovo war and handed it over to the United Nations; which has gradually forwarded the rule to Kosovo’s institutions (Belgrade, 2009). After getting power, Kosovo started working towards attaining status of a separate recognized state. The fight is still on between two different ethnic groups, Serbian and Kosovo’s over this issue. The battle between Serbs and Kosovo’s over the issue of independence has been taken forward to the United Nation’s international court of justice. The reason behind this issue has not been resolved yet because as it has been already stated that 90% of the population of Kosovo consists of Albanians while the rest belongs to the Serbian ethnicity; there exists conflict between Se rbs and Kosovo over the issue of not allowing Serbians living in the territory of Kosovo to participate in the government and having a right to express themselves.

International Business - Trade and Currency Essay

International Business - Trade and Currency - Essay Example The reason of this paper and the discussion is to prove that counter-trade has more benefits. Through illustration of examples I have tried to prove why counter- trade persist despite currency conversion is possible. Counter- Trade is a form of trade where the importer and the exporter agree to the certain terms where they exchange goods as payment to the goods they will receive. The exchange does not have to occur at the same time. O'Connell. J [2005]. According to London counter trade round table LCR "Counter trade is inherently an ad hoc activity - practice varies according to local regulations and requirements, the nature of the goods to be exported and the current priorities of thee parties involved. Also, the terms used to describe the main modes of trading vary, often interchangeably causing confusion. " There are six division of counter trade. Barter: Exchange of goods or services directly for other goods or services. This does not involve money as a mode of payment. For example if Country A sells electric equipment to Country B in return for cotton - they will hold electric equipment back until they make good profit out of cotton. Switch trading: This is a kind of purchase where the importing Country is obliged to make future purchase from the exporting country. For example, Country A at one time had a large surplus of Rice. If Country B exports goods to Country A, they can use Country A's rice to finance exports by selling it. Counter purchase: When a company in a specific country makes a sale of good or any services that country in return promises to make a future purchase of a particular product from that company. Buyback: This practice is most common with exports of process plant, mining equipment. It's an export of any industrial equipment and in return promise to paid by the outcome of the investment they will make with that product. Offset: A company makes an agreement that they will offset hard - currency purchase of an unspecified product from the other exporting country in the future. For example a country buying an airplane may demand that some parts and components can be obtain in their local economy. Counter trade is also sometimes referred as compensatory trade as it is a kind of trade where both parties are putting them into an agreement, which compensate for hard currency. Counter trade Role in the world market According to Vertariu [1972], that among all business countries there were around 15 of them who are pursuing counter- trade; and up till 1979 the figure reached to about 27; and by the start of 1990s there were almost 100 countries which preferred counter -trade as their choice of business. Officials of the GATT organization have claimed that counter trade accounts have reached to about 5% of the world trade. The British Industry have exceeded to about 15%. As with east-west trade who are more popular with this kind of trade have raised the figure as high as 50%. A consensus of expert opinions Okaroafo [1989] has put the percentage of the value of world trade counter trade from 20% to 25%. Desirability of counter trade: According to (Choi S.R, Tschoegl, A. E., [2003]), counter trade is a safer option, as both parties of a counter-trade deal on the

Kosovo (how does it illustrate political and cultural globalization) Essay

Kosovo (how does it illustrate political and cultural globalization) - Essay Example Kosovo’s case has been forwarded to the international court; its ease of getting accepted as a separate legal entity will be dependent on this case result. This fight began when Serbs left the control of Kosovo after the intervention of NATO, during Kosovo war and handed it over to the United Nations; which has gradually forwarded the rule to Kosovo’s institutions (Belgrade, 2009). After getting power, Kosovo started working towards attaining status of a separate recognized state. The fight is still on between two different ethnic groups, Serbian and Kosovo’s over this issue. The battle between Serbs and Kosovo’s over the issue of independence has been taken forward to the United Nation’s international court of justice. The reason behind this issue has not been resolved yet because as it has been already stated that 90% of the population of Kosovo consists of Albanians while the rest belongs to the Serbian ethnicity; there exists conflict between Se rbs and Kosovo over the issue of not allowing Serbians living in the territory of Kosovo to participate in the government and having a right to express themselves.

Teen Pregnancy Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teen Pregnancy - Research Proposal Example This group has a prevalence rate of 8 % compared to 2.2% of 15-17 year old teenage girls. Ten to fourteen years old girls have the lowest rate of pregnancy in the United States of about 0.7 births per 1000 girls. Kelly (2000, p 27) Sociologists and health researchers attribute various factors to the high rate of teenage pregnancies. From the sociologists’ point of view, peer pressure, poverty, the environment in which children are brought up in addition to family structure as some of the major factors that have contributed to increase in the rate of teenage pregnancies (East & Felice 1996). Farber (2003, p 69) noted that teenagers are most vulnerable group to succumb to influence from the media and fellow colleagues to engage in risky sexual behavior that often results to teenage pregnancies. Moreover, children brought up in poor and insecure environments are usually vulnerable to sexual abuse or lack of information about safe sex (Farber, 2003). Lack of adequate information a bout use contraceptives is another major factor that contributes to high rate of teenage pregnancy in developed countries. A study conducted by East and Felice (1996 pp79-86) established that over 50% of pregnant teenage girls used some form of contraceptives.

Online Marketing - Grocery Retailing Business Essay Example for Free

Online Marketing Grocery Retailing Business Essay â€Å"With household internet access continuing to increase, the customer base for online grocery shopping is widening, while other technological innovations such as the advent of smart phones is further benefiting the market† (Source: â€Å"Global Market Review of Online Grocery Retailing† report available at www.MarketResearch.com). The grocery retailing industry has many opportunities inherent in it for online marketing, and the competitive advantages that it would provide. While local brick-and-mortar storefronts will always be necessary due to the perishable nature of many items, the bulk and expense of shipping groceries and the occasional need to purchase something immediately – there are ways in which the internet can be leveraged to add to consumer convenience and increased profits. Providing online shopping is a possibility for grocery retailers. It’s very different than dry-goods retailers such as books, music, shoes and apparel – or services being marketing such as travel. â€Å"To date, sales of food and drinks over the internet have yet to make the same impact observed in other parts of the consumer goods industry, most notably books, clothing and electronic items such as computer equipment† (Source: â€Å"Global Market Review of Online Grocery Retailing† report available at www.MarketResearch.com). One way to leverage the internet – and I have seen this at my local ShopRite – is to purchase groceries online and pick them up at the local store. The shopper clicks on the items they want in an online virtual market, which are then gathered by a â€Å"personal shopper† in the store. The shopper then drives over to the market, pays at the customer service counter near the front of the store, from which an associa te will even wheel the cart out and load the bags into their vehicle. The potential is also there for personalization. By tracking online purchases, a profile can be developed with shorter lists of preferred items from which selections can be made. There could be a â€Å"standard template  order† (bread, milk, eggs, etc.) or whatever the consumer buys on a regular basis – which could provide a starting point, then be tweaked or added to by the consumer depending on their needs at any particular time. The system could become so sophisticated so as to proactively tell a consumer of an upcoming discount or sale price on an item. In this form of integrated marketing, For example, I’m entering an order and going to put an item on there that I usually buy. The smart technology has already prepared an item profile, and can tell me that it is going on sale in a few days, in case I want to wait to take advantage of the lower price. It could also inform me of a manufacturer’s coupon I may not be aware of – and send me to that supplier’s website for a printable or scannable coupon. Online shopping can reach more customers. Perhaps there are elderly, handicapped or other shut-ins for whom it is inconvenient to shop in a grocery store. So maybe they let a relative do their shopping, which would be at the store of the relative’s choosing. Now, the consumer can bring their business to the store of their own choosing, and simply ask someone to pick it up. Or perhaps they can drive, just not walk around the store. This could also increase the order size, since someone will be pushing it around the store and loading it into their vehicle for them. The opportunity also exists for a store to provide or arrange for delivery service to the consumer’s home. Increasing customer loyalty is another way in which grocery retailers can utilize online marketing to increase business. Many stores already have store cards with store discounts and coupons attached to them, as well as incentive goals to be reached with benefits attached. With online marketing, all of this information can be tracked. The coupons that print at the register and many people throw away or misplace, can now all be stored virtually and in one convenient place to be accessed when needed. The removal of expired coupons could also be automated. The opportunities for marketing in this space are vast, and we have only scratched the surface.

Emotions in Psychopathy and Borderline Personality Disorder

Emotions in Psychopathy and Borderline Personality Disorder Fathimath Shaiba Nimal Citation: Herpertz, S. C., Werth, U., Lukas, G., Qunaibi, M., Schuerkens, A., Kunert, H. J., Sass, H. (2001). Emotion in criminal offenders with psychopathy and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(8), 737-745. The extensive commonality between the current range of recognized personality disorders is evident amid the conditions that constitute to form cluster B, a sub group best referred to as the theatrical, emotive, and volatile cluster (Personality Disorders Symptoms, n.d.). Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and psychopathy are believed to be the most infamous and controversial of the bunch, and share a great deal of parallel features. (Comer, 2009). This particular article aims to build a more concrete barrier between the pair by comparing their respective styles of emotional response. The authors emphasized that though the DSM-IV criteria disregards the expected emotional features of psychopathic patients, the diagnostic measures for psychopathy by Cleckly states that psychopaths usually lack receptiveness to negative stimuli. Experimental studies on psychopathic criminals conducted prior to the article seem to support the claim. However, studies of emotion in BPD offenders were scarce. Accordingly, the authors based their research on the conjecture that patients with psychopathy will demonstrate a significantly weaker reaction to unpleasant and pleasant stimuli compared with BPD patients and control subjects, thus steering the first experiment to touch on the problem of diagnostic specificity. Hypotheses: The hypotheses generated by the experimenters comprised of several prongs, including one null hypothesis and two alternative hypotheses. H1: Psychopaths will display a weaker startle response, weaker facial expressions and lower autonomic responses to emotional stimuli when compared with both BPD criminal offenders and noncriminal control subjects H0: BPD subjects and controls will demonstrate similar configurations of startle response and facial expressions. H1: BPD subjects are will show a decreased electrodermal response, thereby illustrating why BPD patients exhibit a penchant for stimulus-seeking and impulsive behavior. Subjects and Selection Procedure: 50 male inmates convicted of capital crimes from two separate forensic treatment facilities were selected for the initial screening. They were informed that 25 of the criminal offenders were diagnosed with psychopathy, while the latter half was believed to have BPD. The subjects were further evaluated with the aid of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). The two investigators responsible for the screening process were oblivious to the clinical diagnosis the patients had received at the treatment facilities. Depending on their respective scores, the subjects were then selected for one of the two experimental groups. The article accentuates that both the raters had been in agreement on whom to include in the study. Offenders with mental deficiencies, dementia, schizophrenia, paranoid disorder, or current alcohol or drug abuse were disqualified. 25 male controls with no history of psychiatric illness or criminal violence were recruited via bulletin board announcements. The final count consisted of 18 subjects with BPD, 25 psychopaths and 24 controls. Methodology and Procedure of Data Collection: Materials: The investigators opted to use 24 slides from the International Affective Picture System, consisting of 8 pleasant, 8 neutral and 8 unpleasant slides. The slides were selected on its capacity to incite positive and negative feelings from the subjects and were presented in random order for less than six seconds each. Variables: The article had two dependent variables, the valance and arousal ratings, that hinged on the responses demonstrated by the psychopaths, BPD offenders, and controls towards the slides. Therefore, the subject groups and stimuli are believed to be the independent variables controlled by the experimenters while the BPD patients and psychopaths were the experimental unit. The three different types of slides (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) pertained to the levels of the responses. Valance and arousal ratings were measured via a self-assessment report and physiological measurements. These variables constituted to form a 32 contingency table. Self-Assessment Report: Subjects were asked to rate the strength of their affective response using the Self-Assessment Manikin. The ratings (0-9) reflected both the arousal and valance of emotion. Physiological Measurements Electrodermal Activity: The changes in the skin’s ability to conduct electricity were recorded to demonstrate the arousal dimension of emotion. Electrodes fixed on the non-dominant hands of all subjects measured the magnitude of the skin conductance response every 20 milliseconds. Modulation of the Startle Reflex: The defense response to a sudden acoustic probe was used to measure the valance of emotion. Two miniature electrodes placed round the left eye measured the strength of the eye blink, if any. Electromyographic response: Muscle activity of the face determined whether the subject frowned or remained constant in response to the stimulus and was recorded with the help of tiny electrodes placed above the right eye. Data Analysis and Results Diagnostic group effects were assessed using Kruskal Wallis tests and post hoc Mann-Whitney tests for pairwise comparisons of independent samples. Fluctuations in physiological parameters were analyzed using the Friedman test for repeated measures while post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed on slide valance categories using Wilcoxon signed rank tests for paired samples. The connection between slide valance and psychophysiological measures were tested separately for each diagnostic group. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons for group effects and slide valance categories paved the way for the Bonferroni-Holm procedure which identified the pair with a substantial effect for that particular variable and conserved a 0.05 level error rate. P values were ordered from smallest (i=1) to largest (i=3) among 3 comparisons. The groups relevant to Pi are said to differ at the overall 0.05 level provided Pi ≠¤ 0.05/ [(M+1)-i]. Post hoc contrasts verified that pleasant slides were rated higher compared to both unpleasant and neutral slides, with unpleasant slides being rated significantly lower than neutral slides in valence. Overall slide valence effect for arousal ratings demonstrated similar results. However, the psychophysiological measurements diverged from the self-assessment results. Post hoc Wilcoxon signed rank tests exhibited that the skin conductance responses were higher when viewing pleasant (P Furthermore, the Friedman test showed a noticeable change in electromyographic responses with slide valance categories in both BPD subjects (P=0.02) and controls (P=0.03), as opposed to psychopaths (P=0.44). However, Post hoc Wilcoxon signed rank tests directed that controls exhibited a larger EMG response to unpleasant slides likened to pleasant ones (P=0.01), unlike BPD subjects who displayed no difference in their response to pleasant and unpleasant slides (P=0.46). In fact, BPD subjects revealed a trivial change to pleasant slides (P=0.06). Lastly, psychopaths failed to respond to the startle probes often, regardless of the valance of the slides presented, contrary to both BPD subjects and controls. Nine psychopaths, 1 BPD subject and 2 controls were completely unresponsive. Dear Sir, This article has certainly opened my eyes to a few things, including the fact that reasons for the stigma associated with â€Å"psychopaths† need rebuttal and amendment. One must realize that all people are unique and comprised of distinctive predispositions. The article proved the hypotheses that psychopaths, indeed, displayed hypo-emotionality compared to both BPD subjects and controls, clearly illustrating why tend to act out in their need for stimulation. While I found the article quite interesting and cohesive, it cannot be denied that the experimental design had certain limitations in itself. For starters, the test groups were relatively small and of varying sizes. However, the article stresses that great care was taken to recruit distinctive diagnostic groups with vastly different PCL: SV scores. Secondly, experimental subjects were recruited from psychiatric treatment facilities, all believed to have a criminal record. This can possibly modify the outcomes, since it can be difficult to say if their responses were solely due to the psychiatric illness. Consequently, it can be argued that the differences in responses of control subjects are due to their non-criminal background, rather than the absence of a personality disorder per se. Of course, there is no denying that future research in this matter is essential to grasp a deeper understanding of why violent behavior is prevalent in personality disorders. Perhaps, further studies can use psychopathic and BPD subjects who need not necessarily come from a criminal background. Moreover, I feel that women should also be included in the sample, in order to form a diagnostic sample that can denote the entire population. Overall, I found the article to be an interesting and informative read. They had showcased the evidences for their hypotheses brilliantly well and I found myself completely engrossed in the study. REFERENCES Comer, R. J. (2009). Abnormal Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers. Herpertz, S. C., Werth, U., Lukas, G., Qunaibi, M., Schuerkens, A., Kunert, H. J., Sass, H. (2001). Emotion in criminal offenders with psychopathy and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(8), 737-745. Personality Disorders Symptoms. (n.d.). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/personality-disorders/basics/symptoms/con-20030111

Lust, Loss, and Immorality in the Little Mermaid Essay -- Fairy Tale C

The Little Mermaid: Of Lust, Loss, and Immortality Under the sea, in an idyllic and beautiful garden, stands a statue of a young man cut out of cold stone – for the Little Mermaid who knows nothing but the sea, the statue stands as an emblem of the mysterious over-world, a stimulus for imagination and sexual desire, an incentive for expansion of experience, and most predominately, an indication that something great and all-encompassing is missing from her existence. Traces of curiosity and a vague indication of the complexities of adult desires mark the child mermaid; in such a stage of development, the statue will suffice. However, as the Little Mermaid reaches puberty, the statue must allegorically come alive in order to parallel the manifestation of her new-found adult desires – the statue must become a prince in his world of adulthood above the sea. Thus, powered by an insistent and ambiguous longing for self-completion, the Little Mermaid embarks on a journey of self-discovery, and, to her ultimate misfortune, prematurely abandons her child-like self as sexual lust and the lust for an adult life takes hold of her. The paradisiacal kingdom under the sea is symbolic of childhood. At the onset of the story, the sea kingdom is described: â€Å"where the waters are as blue as the petals of the cornflower and as clear as glass, there, where no anchor can reach the bottom,† and where â€Å"[one] would have to pile many church towers on top of each other† in order to reach the surface (Andersen 217). The sea describes the deep consciousness of the Little Mermaid as a young child, which is characterized by emotion, beauty, imagination, purity and innocence - representative successively of the water, flowers, the imaginative sim... ...rom an agonizing mistake offers hope. Works Cited: Anderson, Hans Christian. â€Å"The Little Mermaid.† Folk and Fairy Tales. 3rd ed. Eds. Martin Hallett and Barbara Karasek. Toronto: Broadview, 2002. Cashdan, Sheldon. The Witch Must Die: The Hidden Meaning of Fairy Tales. New York: Basic Books, 1999. Collins, Emily. â€Å"Nabokov’s Lolita and Anderson’s The Little Mermaid.† Nabokov Studies 9 (2005): 77-100. 10 Oct. 2006. http://muse.jhu.edu.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/journals/nabokov_studies/toc/nab9.1.html Easterlin, Nancy. â€Å"Hans Christian Andersen’s Fish out of Water." Philosophy and Literature 25 (2001): 251-77. 6 Oct. 2006. http://muse.jhu.edu.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/journals/philosophy_and_literature/v025/25.2easterlin.html Pil, Dahlerup. â€Å"Splash! Six Views of ‘The Little Mermaid.’ Scandinavian Studies 62 (1990): 403-429.

Security Monitoring

Security Monitoring Amy Smart CMGT/442 University of Phoenix Online Instructor: James Summerlin April 15,2013 Security Monitoring In this paper we will be discussing security monitoring techniques that can and should be used within an organization to help put together an solid action plan when there is an risk identified. For any business or organization to ensure that they are conducting quality business to their customers as well as achieving their business goals should consider risk management as an huge part of their organization. Security Monitoring ProcessThe organization IT department and e- commerce applications are the ones that conduct security monitoring and measuring. Security monitoring is very important, because it is the process of preventing attacks and responding to threats that could happen in the future. An organizations can prevent small risk from turning into a bigger and more expensive problem by taking preventative steps. The IT department should be monitoring the system at all times and it must be implemented both externally and internally. However the first step each organization should take when starting the monitoring system is to first discuss what a potential risk is.For an organization to truly have an secure system they must determine an list of risk. Businesses and organizations can use security monitoring to ensure both integrity and confidentiality for sensitive information. As well as holding IT administrators responsible for keeping their organizations sensitive and financial assets safe and secure from unwanted eyes. Internal IT and Secure Monitoring Processes The security monitoring activities that should be conducted in an organization with both internal IT payroll, human resources, inventory, general ledger, inventory monitoring.However these internal structures constantly grow and increase revenue and the possible risks are also always growing and increasing. So for an organization to make sure that there information is safe and secure they will have to make sure that they have their network secure. There are an number of tools an business or organization could use to help keep the network secure, but we will only be discussing a few. The first step would be to create an good an strong password. The pros on having an password would be that it helps to protect unwanted users on their computers.However employees could forget the password so the organization would have to decide if that was an problem then they may want to have an only IT members knowing the password. Then we would have to decide which network firewall would work best for their business. The network firewall is very important to have, because it protects the network from unwanted users and can be used from small company networks to large corporate system. Another great tool to use to keep the organization network secure internet filtering software and monitoring tools, which would be used to protect their employers from inappropriate usage from their employees.Lastly vulnerability assessment and penetration testing is an very great tool to use, because any company that does any business online should and needs to perform an regular vulnerability assessment on their network. The next step in keeping all the organization personal and financial information secure would be to set in place an antivirus protection. Antivirus is important to have because it will protect the computer and the information store in it safe from virus that can wreak havoc on your computer and the information store upon it as well.However antivirus cannot do it alone so by also making sure the organization computer are always up-to- date and running properly is another step closer to being fully protected. Some examples of Antivirus software would be Norton, AVG, Shield Deluxe, or Panda Antivirus Pro, and all are very good antivirus software to use to keep their computers safe and secure. Data security is the next step in which an organizati on needs to take to make sure that their whole system is safe and secure from the inside out. Establishing an strong password is the first level of defense to keeping data secure.The next would be to make sure that there is an strong firewall, by having firewalls in place will help to keep the network properly protected from viruses and hackers. Data security is also achieved by having antivirus and anti- malware which is an systems last line of defense if everything else has failed. Having an organizations computer systems up to date and running properly is another great step to keeping their data safe, because if their computer software is not up to date then it won't be able to provide the upmost protection towards their personal data.Performing backups to the external hard drive is the best way to insure that all the data is stored safely. Then lastly is to have their IT department monitor diligently so that they can look for specific information coming out of their network. In conclusion we have discussed the security monitoring activities that should be conducted in an organization with both internal IT payroll, human resources, inventory, general ledger, inventory monitoring. As well as how important each one of these activities are and how they help to monitor and keep their system safe and secure from unwanted eyes.

Bsnl Change Management Strategy

BSNL competitive portfolio & Change Management M Ramesh, [email  protected] com Synopsis: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed on 1st October „2000, is one of the largest & leading public sector units providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India. They operate under 13 different brands. Their customer base as on July 31, 2011 was at 95. 14 Million. BSNL has an installed Network in the country comprising about 43. 74 million line basic telephone capacity, 8. 83 million WLL capacity, 72. 60 million GSM capacity, 37,885 fixed exchanges, 68,162 GSM BTSs, 12,071 CDMA Towers, 197 Satellite Stations, 6,86,644 RKm. f OFC, 50,430 RKm. of microwave network connecting 623 districts, 7330 cities/towns & 5. 8 lakhs villages. However, with such a large base, excellent brand recall, political backing and huge workforce, the company has not been doing well and in fact has reported a loss in the previous financial year. BSNL had reported the highest net profit of over Rs10,000 crore in 2005-06 but since then its profits have been falling. The losses have more than tripled to about Rs. 6,000 crores during 2010-11 mainly due to hefty outgo for employees' salary and expenses borne by the PSU for procuring 3G and BWA spectrum. The company had registered a net loss of Rs. 1,823 crores during 2009-10. The total revenues of the company also declined to Rs 28,876 crore during the current year, down nearly 10% from Rs 32,072 crore in the previous financial year. Recipient of the Golden Eagle award in 2004 & 2005 for the most trusted brand in telecom sector, BSNL is today struggling to retain its identity. This article aims are preparing a competitive strategy for BSNL and select suitable competitive portfolio so that the company can emerge out of the crisis it is in. Further, the change management strategy that has to be adopted in order to implement the changes in the organisation is given in this section. 1. Competitive Strategy and suitable corporate portfolio: Before we embark upon suggesting a suitable corporate portfolio, it is important to analyse the current the functioning and management of BSNL. a) No doubt that its presence and reach across the country is its biggest strength. Established offices in all the metros, A, B & C class cities, and installations and offices in the remotest parts of the nation, especially J, North East is a strength they can easily exploit on their road to recovery. ) Long serving employees and excellent knowledge of the market, customers, tacit knowledge base of BSNL is unique. They are different from the competition since customers view BSNL as a 2|Page state run firm and profit not being the only motive, would be willing to trust them more than other competitors. c) Even today, they rule the land line conne ctions and command a market share of over 65% of the customer base and any of the revival and restructuring plans for BSNL has to pass through this channel. ) BSNL, being a completely government owned organisation, they can use their political affiliations to change the rules of the market, create entry barriers for competition, and lobby for influencing the market to leverage their strengths, policies that give them an edge, and those which do not violate TRAI and other fair trade practices, can be adopted. While we discuss the selection of suitable portfolio from the competitive strategies, apart from the strengths of BSNL highlighted above, it is important that the crucial questions of what can be done that is not being done at BSNL is pondered. Some of the questions that we have to ask and find answers that hold key to developing a competitive strategy and designing a suitable portfolio are: 1. BSNL has a vision ‘To become the largest Telecom Service provider in South East Asia’. For this it is important to understand the parameter for being the largest. Is it revenue, Av. Revenue per User, profit, subscribers, Network (no of exchanges, BTS etc)? Clarity in purpose and vision is essential to developing a suitable competitive strategy. 2. Is the mission aligned with its current position? Has it redefined its mission from a state run entity, interested in nation development to a corporate that has to deliver to its owners and stake holders? 3. What are the investments that have been made or planned to be made, in order to provide world class State-of-art technology telecom services on demand at affordable price and to provide world class telecom infrastructure to develop country's economy. 4. What has been done towards continuous innovation in product and delivery of services with the appropriate pricing is the key strategy for developing the trust in customer so that he keeps his loyalty with BSNL. . BSNL can target to acquire more than 50% of new acquisitions while maintaining existing clientele. How will this be done? 6. Today landline base is reducing across the globe, BSNL, to be a Significant Market Power (SMP), must increase it base to over 80%. 7. Ultimately it is the quality, customer care, and timely availability apart from price, which will matter. What are the actions being taken towards these critical success factors? 8. Can’t there be just one brand i. e. BSNL? Has there ever been an examination of their revenue break-up? Currently there are 13 brands that have to be developed and positioned. |Page 9. There are certain distinctions that BSNL has, like being awarded the most trusted telecom brand in year 2003 & 2004. They received the Golden Peacock award for Best Corporate Social responsibility. How can these be leveraged? 10. There are over one-lakh retailers, 1000 franchisees, 3300 CSCs, 36000 exchanges and still BSNL is not visible like others? Why can’t the space and people be utilized? 11. How to leverage the franchisee and STD-PCO strengths? Can these outlets be their core strength? 12. Why are the recharge coupons, India Telephone Cards are in shortage when there is no capacity constraint? Is it bad inventory & supply chain management, or bad franchisee management? 13. Are there targets for the recharge coupons just like DELs & CellOne? Why can? t the huge network of franchises be leveraged for better customer care and improve collection efficiency? 14. With competition heating up, gone are the days when customers deposited money with BSNL in advance for connections and security money for value added services. There are no fixed deposits; and the working capital and other funds requirements have to be met from operating revenues. What is the plan to improve collections, realize bills early, not on the last day of payment and reduce bad debts? 15. In line with the market needs, does BSNL have a 24X7 culture in their organization, though operation and maintenance are provided on 24X7 basis? What about provisioning customer care and marketing on 24X7 basis? Competitive strategy: Pricing: On the pricing front, BSNL does not have a choice but to follow the market trend. They can only bundle the packages in such a manner that the premium services bring more revenue. Focus must not be on reducing charges, but upgrading each customer by RS 20 – RS 50 by offering them more add on relevant services. It is usually much easier to sell additional things to existing customers than to add new customer, and the customer base of BSNL is quite huge and substantive for this model. Differentiation: In order to differentiate itself from competition, BSNL Business development units have to be given the task to develop and nurture long-term relations with corporate houses. MoUs have to be signed for bulk bills, One-point payments for multiple service locations. Setting up Key Account Manager servicing different corporate and key accounts and offering single window approach to resolve all issues and prevent any unwanted issues. Focus: BSNL has a strong hold on land line telephones, an important requirement for ADSL connections. There are huge benefits of ADSL over Wi-Fi & is very cost effective way to access Internet. BSNL is in a 4|Page unique position to leverage this advantage and its revenues, customer base and profitability can improve multi-fold if it can capitalise on this one aspect alone. Merging government telecom companies ITI and MTNL with state-run BSNL is one of the options. This will give them a great advantage in terms of increased customer base, implementing change management and brining in changes and most importantly economy of scale, power of bargaining. Hybrid: In order to be more competitive in the present market BSNL must not only differentiate itself from competition, give a good and attractive price and have a focussed approach. The competitive strategy recommended is: Focus on improving ADSL services at attractive rates to households and offices, bundle it with land line connections and mobile connections. Offer central point billing PAN India. For e. g. If a corporate company has branch and regional network, they must have the option of consolidated billing when they want and where they want to the level of Head office control they want to implement. BSNL can also offer special rates and Closed User Group (CUG) for government sector and earn huge revenues, since this segment is very price sensitive and is a very high volume user segment. More aggressive media campaign focussed on the strategically selected segments will help BSNL increase its customer base. A change in its staff attitude making them focussed on customers rather than systems and procedures, fast and efficient decision making with empowered employees. Continuity in supply chains, procuring of quality equipment and products must be focussed on. After defence and railways, BSNL is the country’s largest landholder. Its properties span 3,500 towns across India worth thousands of crores, making it the largest state-owned companies in terms of land assets. A turn around policy of BSNL should have this huge source of revenue at its core. 2. Change management strategy to enable it turnaround. No change in BSNL can happen and can be implemented without change of mindset in addition to the skills of marketing & sales. In this regards it is important to note that a research paper submitted by Vishwakarma Institute of Management, Pune in July 2010 after conducting a survey in BSNL concluded 5|Page that â€Å"the introduction of change seems to be managed effectively in the organisation with proper care and commitment and was agreed by the respondent BSNL employees with a mean 1. 022. The change is introduced by the consent of top management. To keep up the pace with the dynamic environment the management encourages change by explaining and ensuring the minimization of adverse effects, and put efforts to convert employee resistance into the acceptance. Employees were found to be change oriented, as they have continuous learning attitude to keep match with the future organizational requirements. Respondents? shows resistance change in some issues due to some security and personal reasons, which can be taken care by proper change management initiatives†. BSNL must focus on improving its quality of employees and skilled manpower? They must focus the organizational setup more suitable for better results? The staff expense to revenue ratio could be a good indicator. Today, more than 47% of the revenue goes to paying salaries to employees and this is the first aspect of change that must be introduced. The decision making process must be based on scientific analysis of the precious customer data they already have such as calling pattern, payment habits, usage profile etc. Increased number of surveys, customer research and systematic and periodical analysis of Net growth in mobile and churn is to be conducted? Steps must be implemented to reduce the churn? Acquisition cost is usually said to be 5-8 times the retention cost, and hence BSNL must focus on retention of customers. Management must not threaten the employees, they have been long serving and loyal and at the same time demanding. The management should involve the employees in strategy and decision making and should help them to open their minds and apply it to improve the quality of service, network, and expansion of network in time; utilising and selling the products before the technology becomes obsolete (like WIMAX). Considering the current scenario a Revolutionary change is required in BSNL and they should modify their competitive strategy quickly in order to survive in the hyper competitive telecom market in India. If one has to apply the McKinsey 7S framework for the change management process in BSNL, it would be as under: 1. Strategic: BSNL has to revisit its mission and evolve competitive strategies that are in line with the market dominant position that they want to be, exploiting their current strength of market leadership in land line connections. All their activities must be reoriented towards this change of positioning. |Page 2. Substance: BSNL needs to revamp its board and its top management, to be more customer and market oriented, dynamic and profit driven. Culturally, it is established that BSNL is employees are open to adopting change and hence management should provide necessary training to ensure that the process of cultural change is deployed quickly across all levels. 3. Scale: Considering the strengths of BSNL presence and reach of BSNL, scale is never an issue. What the organisation needs today is not infusion of new technology or resources; it is reorientation of the employees and a cultural change. Retrenching employees is not the first and only option available. 4. Scope: Undoubtedly the scope of the change must involve all levels of the organisation and across all regions. BSNL is a homogeneous entity and changes at one level or within certain geography is not possible to implement. Certainly, depending upon the local customer bases, working conditions and cultural differences, adaptations can be allowed, but the change itself, must be pan organisation. 5. Speed: Communications, ICT, and internet industry relies on speed and there is no room for laggards in this. BSNL must implement change management as swiftly as possible. . Sequence: Since BSNL s confronted with many an issues to handle, the best place to start would be internal employee attitude and cultural change and external – customer satisfaction focus. If carefully and rapidly implemented, these two will have a cascading effect on other areas such as revenues, cash flows, asset management and so on that will t urn around the organisation. 7. Style: BSNL has the baggage of being a government owned company and attitude of staff cannot be changed overnight. Unions are strong and public opinion can be made and tarnished by the correct or wrong handling of union issues. Change management in BSNL has to carefully crafted and cannot be dictated or thrust upon. The style has to be one of collaborative effort and everyone involved must be clear with what is expected of them and how it impacts others, his / her results and overall company. Conclusion: BSNL is at cross roads of its existence. The need to refine its competitive strategy and implement change management has never been more urgent than it is today. If BSNL has to survive the tough market conditions, the change management process must be initiated immediately and aligned with the competitive strategies that must be reworked. |Page BIBLIOGRAPHY: ? ? ? ? ? Marketing strategies of BSNL by GS Grover, NK Srivastava, & Sunil Kumar http://www. bsnl. in http://www. business-standard. com/india/index2. php http://www. moneycontrol. com/company-article/bharatsancharnigam/news/BSN http://www. moneycontrol. com/news/business/bsnls-loss-triples-to-rs-6000-cr3g-bwaoutgo_588976. html ? ? http://www. cellular -news. com/tags/bsnl/ Organisation Culture- A Case Study of BSNL LIMITED, Mrs. G. Nagamani, Prof. G. Krishna Mohan, http://www. vim. ac. in/UploadImages/Attachments/G. %20Nagamani%20&% 20G. % 20Krishna%20Mohan. pdf 8|Page

Cross-Cultural Communication Essay

To participate effectively in today’s world, we must recognize that communication is profoundly related to culture. To achieve effectiveness in social and professional life, we need to be sensitive to culture difference and adapt our interaction to people of varied culture background. The following scenario highlights the importance of adapting interaction to people with different culture. Five years ago, when I just came to Singapore, I came across an incident which made me realize that different cultures may influence people behaves differently under the same circumstance. After we finished a school group project, all the team members Wu Gang (Chinese), Samuel (Singaporean) and I (Chinese) decided to have a dinner together at a Chinese restaurant for celebration. When the dinner came to the end, Wu Gang took out his wallet and would like to pay the bill. At that moment, Samuel asked Wu Gang how much he should pay for his share. â€Å"No need, no need! It’s my treat.† replied by Wu Gang. Seeing this, I tried to took the bill from Wu Gang and insist that I pay the bill this time. Wu Gang stopped me, saying to me â€Å"Leave it to next time†. Meanwhile, he stood up and approached to casher for payment. Samuel still insisted on paying his own share and left the money to him after Wu Gang came back. At the end, Wu Gang accepted Samuel’s money unhappily. Samuel was confused and uncomfortable with Wu Gang’s reaction. At that time, I didn’t understand Samuel’s insistence either because it is so common in China for one to pay for everybody in dinner. People pay the bill for you to treat you as a close friend as if you were a family member. Rejection means that you reject to be a close friend. That’s why Wu Gang was unhappy to Samuel in the above scenario. The appropriate respond in China culture is to treat your friend back next time. Now, after living in Singapore for several years, I understand that Singaporeans are more comfortable to split the bill even they are close friends. In Singapore culture, it reflects respect and fairness to your friend that each one pays his/her own share. In this incident all of us chose our own â€Å"correct way† to deal with the situation but ignore others’ different cultural background. Many people evaluate others based on the standards of their own culture. Some people think their standards reflect universal truths. They aren’t aware that they are imposing the yardstick of their particular culture and ignoring the yardsticks of other cultures. Devaluing whatever differs from our own ways limits human interaction and leads misunderstanding. . In China, one preson usually pays for __6__ . In Western countries, one preson pays if he or she is entertaining clients , but __7__ friends eat together , they usually share the cost. This is called ‘going Dutch’.

Should people ban testing on animals based upon people unethical Essay

Should people ban testing on animals based upon people unethical research of animal - Essay Example Since decades, animals are used for the purpose of testing in order to accomplish the objectives of experiments. Scientifically, animal testing is termed to be beneficial for many inventions, but it is also not without certain ethical issues related with animal rights. The practice of animal testing has its long story, which can be found rooted since when the ancient Greek people used animal for their experiments and in many rituals to gain beauty and good health. While then the human society had limited concern about the living rights of animals, modern day philosophers and activists have been into debates as to whether animal testing should be banned with due consideration to its positive contributions towards the development of the society (PRISM, â€Å"The Connection between Animal Testing, the Environment, and Human Health†). Emphasizing this context, the objective of the paper is to argue regarding the negatives and positives associated with animal testing in order to take a stand in opposition of banning animal testing. Hence, the thesis of the paper will aim to support animal testing for innovation and for the development of medical research emphasizing its positive effects and critically assessing the negatives associated with the same. Arguments in contradiction to animal testing have long been encouraged by activists and philosophists in the society. However, it cannot be ignored that there are some fields where the experiments upon animal are mandatory in nature for the overall enhancement of the society and also for new inventions. Illustratively, the biomedical field is such an example wherein animal testing is mandatory for the research to be a success. It is evident, that scientists in the present day, with the help of advance technology, are inventing new options in the area of medical research to support the human life system. For instance, researchers, through animal

Critique of a quantitative research report Paper

Critique of a quantitative report - Research Paper Example Through the selection of supporting literary research studies, analysis/interpretation of data and observations the objectives of the study were accomplished. The purpose of this paper is to critically reviewing the format, content in relation to the objectives, and evaluate the effectiveness of the quantitative research study. The scientific style of writing is a formal and rigid form of writing which is to succinctly with efficiency communicate scientific findings (Bates College, 2011). The abstract section of a research study should announce what is to proceed and clearly state the research question(s) or problem(s) under investigation. Additionally as the introduction the abstract should contain a descriptive of the research design, methodology used in the study, primary results or findings. along with an abbreviated analysis of the results in relation to the research study’s objectives. As a scientific research study the abstract should spark the curiosity in others and offer additional knowledge on the subject motivating and stimulating interest in the minds of the readers enticing him or her to continue reading with interest and anticipation. Creswell (2008) in his instructions on how to write compelling research studies suggested using crisp, clear, concise verbs and descriptive language incorporating the strategy used for data collection, identifying the research site, and providing information on the participants in the study as an interlude or in the abstract of the study (pp. 113-119). Neuman (2006) emphasizes the mental or critical thinking component of the researcher(s) as the initial undertaking with the evolution of the study taking form after the thought process is engaged and the decision of what the purpose and objective of the study is about and hopes to accomplish. Neuman (2006) suggested in his methods of formulating an