Describe and explain the value of industrial location models Essay

What is an industrial localization sham? 51) A poseur is a mathematical representation that is used to target why patterns take a shit occurred, or to predict how things will occur in the future. A location sit shows why certain things have turn up in certain spaces and aims to show where they will patch up in the future. An industrial location model and and so aims to show why patience has located in the bea it has, and where it will locate in the future. The term industriousness includes primary, hired gunsidiary, tertiary and quaternary sectors. All sides of industriousness rear end be merged in these models, this includes tertiary and primary as well as secondary employment, although most models ar designed with manuf figureuring specific anyy in mind.thither are many a nonher(prenominal) types of industrial location model. weber designed a model that showed where secondary manufacturing industry would locate based on the weight of new(a) real(a)s used and t he weight of the final product. smith (1971) built an option to webers model, which is more updated and takes into account new types of revel and industries some other than secondary. There are to a fault models such as the behavioural matrix which onset to show what type of companies are more likely to choose the best location for their business.Describe and explain the value of industrial location models 202) A model of industrial location put forward by Alfred Weber in 1909 assumes that industrialists choose a least- apostrophize location for the development of new industry. The speculation is based on a number of assumptions. Weber assumes that there is a flat relief, uniform transport, culture, climate, tire out costs, political and economic system, and that markets are of persistent size and location. It is in any case assumed that transport costs are relative to the weight of the computables and the distance covered by the goods, and that perfect competition exist s. iodin of the main assumptions is that huffy materials are either ubiquitous or localised. omnipresent raw materials are found everywhere and are evenly distributed, and therefore would affect industrial location e.g. water and clay.Localised raw materials are not evenly distributed. Weber suggested that raw materials and markets would attract the location of an industry due to transport costs. Industries with a high material indicator would be pulled towards the raw material. Industries with a low material index would be pulled towards the market. The material index is calculated by dividing the total weight of raw materials by the total weight of the finished product. A material index of overmuch greater than 1 indicates that there is a loss of weight during the manufacturing action for role model butter making. The factory should therefore locate advance to the raw material.A material index of less than 1, where weight is gained during manufacturing, would locate near t o the market. An index of less than 1 could be achieved by an industry development largely ubiquitous materials, like water, as in the brewing industry. at a time a least-cost location has been established through the material index, Weber considers the effectuate of labour costs in deflecting industry away from the least cost location. Isodapanes are constructed to determine the area within which an industry can locate without losing money. The captious isodapane is the greatest distance an industry can locate from the least-cost location without losing money.If a source of cheap labour lies within an isodapane below the critical isodapane, it would be more profitable to choose the site with low labour costs rather than the least transport costs location. Weber also takes into account agglomeration of industries, the model suggests that some factories locate within critical isodapanes of other factories, to share resources labour and transport costs. Webers model doesnt relate well to modern conditions. This is because it doesnt take into account many recent developments such as reduced costs of transport and government activity intervention. Weber assumes a lot of things that in reality wouldnt be found e.g. perfect knowledge of the market, and physical geography is ignored. Weber also ignores changes in costs and sources of raw materials over time.Overall Webers model is largely applicable to heavy industries only.In 1971 David metalworker provided an alternative to Webers model of industrial location. Smith suggested that as net profit could be made anywhere where the total income is greater than total costs, then although there is a point of maximum profit, there would be a larger area where production is possible and profit is still made. Smith suggested that industries rarely located at the least-cost location, but more often at a sub optimum and practical location.He suggested that this was due to infirm knowledge about production and market dem and, imperfect decision makers, who can be influenced by other factors, or may not act rationally, or a government policy, which may tempt industry to locate in areas of high unemployment or development areas. Smiths model takes into account all types of transport although a circular mete of profitability is rarely produced in real life. Where Webers model can only be used for secondary manufacturing Smiths model can easily be modified to include all types of industry. However Smiths model is based entirely on money and other factors such as employees needs are not taken into account.The UK contract and steel production is a good example of industrial location compared to Weber and Smiths models. Before the 1600s, iron making was found near to outcrops of ore, where there were plenty of trees, e.g. Forest of Dean, because transport was poor and they were unable to move raw materials large distances. This fits Webers model because iron making would have a material index of greater than one, due to iron ore being much greater in weight than the iron produced as the finished product.However Webers model says that a resource such as trees will be ubiquitous, which is not the case here. After 1700 coke began to be used to create iron more efficiently. The new furnaces were located near coalmines, where coal would have been the heaviest raw material to transport e.g. Sheffield and South Wales. This fits Webers model. nowadays the coalmines have run out, but the industry hasnt relocated because good transport systems mean that ores and coal can be transported in from abroad. This complies with Smiths model because profit has been made in a sub optimum location. Other reasons for the iron and steel industry remaining in the same areas are large amounts of labour and agglomeration, which are covered in Webers model.